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Hiragana is a fundamental part of the Japanese writing system. When you add a small symbol called “dakuon” (濁音) to certain hiragana characters, it changes their pronunciation. This symbol looks like two small lines (゛) and is added to the top right of the character. Here are some examples:

• か (ka) becomes が (ga)
  • が　ぎ　ぐ　げ　ご
  • ga gi gu ge go
• さ (sa) becomes ざ (za)
  • ざ　じ　ず　ぜ　ぞ
  • za zi zu ze zo
• た (ta) becomes だ (da)
  • だ　ぢ　づ　で　ど
  • da di du de do
• は (ha) becomes ば (ba) or ぱ (pa) when a small circle (゜) is added instead
  • ば　び　ぶ　べ　ぼ
  • ba bi bu be Bo